European electricity prices and costs

This tool compares European electricity prices, carbon prices and the cost of generating electricity using fossil fuels and renewables. Where possible, data is provided by country.

Updated daily

Anchor point: Data tool

Anchor point: Context

Context

A data tool to compare European electricity prices, carbon prices and the cost of generating electricity using fossil fuels and renewables. Where possible, data is provided by country.

This tool enables the comparison of European wholesale electricity and carbon prices and tracking of the Short Run Marginal Costs (SRMC) of generating electricity using hard coal and fossil gas.

It demonstrates how wholesale electricity prices are impacted by fossil fuel and carbon costs. These wholesale prices are the largest single contributor to the electricity prices paid by consumers.

The tool also shows the increasing cost competitiveness of wind and solar electricity generation through historic Levelised Cost of Electricity (LCOE) data for solar PV and onshore wind for selected European countries.

This page has replaced both Ember’s carbon price tracker and Ember’s European power price tracker – given the content for both tools are now included in this page.

Ponto de ancoragem: Metodologia

Metodologia

preços de eletricidade por atacado

Wholesale electricity prices are average day-ahead spot prices per MWh sold per time period, sourced from ENTSO-E, Low Carbon Contracts e Semopx. e os preços mínimos se referem aos valores médios mais altos e mais baixos de qualquer país da UE nesse período. gás.
Prices have been converted from £/MWh to €/MWh for the UK.
These are the prices paid to electricity generators, and are not the same as retail electricity prices or total costs to end users.
Maximum and minimum prices refer to the highest and lowest average values of any country in the EU in that period.

Fossil Fuel Short Run Marginal Costs (SRMC)

The tool shows the Short Run Marginal Costs (SRMC) of generating a MWh of electricity using hard coal and fossil gas.

O SRMC é a soma dos custos variáveis associados à produção de eletricidade usando carvão duro e gás fóssil. São custos de combustível, custos de carbono e custos de operação e manutenção variáveis.
The fuel costs for fossil gas are calculated using the day ahead settlement prices at the relevant national gas hubs:
- Instalação de transferência de título holandês (TTF) para a Holanda
- Hub de gás da Europa Central Ponto de negociação virtual (CEGH VTP) para a Áustria
- Ponto de negociação virtual tcheco (CZ VTP) para Czechia
- Point d’échange de gaz Virtual Trading Point (PEG) for France
- Hub de negociação Europa (o) para a Alemanha
- Punto Di Scambio Virtuale (PSV) para Itália
- Facilidade de Transferência de Ponto Virtual Dinamarca (ETF) para Dinamarca || Reino Unido. Dados do preço do gás provenientes de Montel,
- Punto Virtual de Balance (PVB) for Spain
- National Balancing Point (NBP) for the UK.

The TTF and NBP prices are the benchmark price references for fossil gas traded in the EU and in the UK, respectively. Gas price data sourced from Montel, Gestore Mercati Energetici (GME) e Mercado de gás ibérico ( MibGas).

The fuel cost for hard coal is calculated using the front month settlement price for API 2 Rotterdam coal. The API 2 Rotterdam coal price is the benchmark price reference for hard coal imported into Europe. Price data sourced from Montel.
Carbon costs are calculated using the EU and UK Emissions Trading Scheme prices, front December contract. Price data sourced from Montel.
Para cálculos SRMC, as seguintes premissas foram aplicadas:
- Taxas de eficiência da usina: carvão duro = 40%. Gás fóssil = 50% (valor de aquecimento mais alto/valor calorífico bruto)
- Taxas de intensidade do carbono: carvão duro = 0,83 TCO2EQ/MWh de eletricidade gerada. Gás fóssil = 0,37 tco2eq/mwh de eletricidade gerada
- Custos de operação e manutenção variáveis para carvão duro e gás fóssil = € 2/mwh (convertido em £/mwh para o Reino Unido). Eletricidade

Wind and Solar Levelised Cost of Electricity (LCOE)

A ferramenta rastreia dados históricos de custo de eletricidade nivelados anuais (LCOE) para energia solar fotovoltaica e eólica onshore para países europeus selecionados. e operar um ativo de geração por MWh de eletricidade. É calculado dividindo o valor presente de todos os custos relevantes enfrentados pelo gerador ao longo de sua vida útil por sua produção total de eletricidade. Abrange todos os custos relevantes enfrentados pelo gerador, incluindo custos de pré-desenvolvimento, custos iniciais de capital, custos de financiamento e custos de operação e manutenção. O vento offshore não está incluído devido à disponibilidade limitada de dados.

The LCOE is used as a metric for the cost of producing electricity using wind and solar.
The LCOE is the discounted lifetime cost of building and operating a generation asset per MWh of electricity. It is calculated by dividing the present value of all relevant costs faced by the generator over its lifetime by its total electricity production. It covers all relevant costs faced by the generator, including pre-development costs, initial capital costs, financing costs and operating & maintenance costs.
LCOE data for newly commissioned utility-scale solar and onshore wind are based on IRENA’s Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2023 (published in September 2024). Offshore wind is not included due to limited data availability.
In IRENA’s LCOE calculations, the following key assumptions are used:
- O custo médio de capital (WACC) (WACC) é específico para tecnologia e país. Para os países da UE, varia de 2,5% a 7,7% para o vento solar e o onshore em escala de utilidade. ferramenta
- Economic life: solar PV and onshore wind = 25 years

Anchor point: Datasets